#survey-design

Design a valid and reliable survey instrument. Steps: 1. Define constructs to measure. 2. Review existing validated scales. 3. Write clear, unbiased questions (avoid double-barreled, leading). 4. Choose appropriate response scales (Likert, semantic differential). 5. Organize logically (demographics last). 6. Pilot test with small sample (n=20-30). 7. Assess reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.7). 8. Validate with factor analysis. Keep under 10 minutes. Use branching logic. Ensure mobile-friendly. Tools: Qualtrics, SurveyMonkey. Calculate required sample size.

Create reliable and valid survey instruments. Design process: 1. Literature review to identify existing validated scales. 2. Define constructs clearly, create item pool (3-5 items per construct). 3. Expert review panel (5-7 subject matter experts) for content validity. 4. Pilot testing with 30-50 participants for clarity and comprehension. 5. Main validation study (minimum 10 participants per item, 200+ total). Analysis: 1. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify factor structure. 2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test model fit (CFI > 0.95, RMSEA < 0.08). 3. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α > 0.70). 4. Test-retest reliability over 2-week period (r > 0.80). 5. Discriminant and convergent validity testing. Use software: R lavaan, SPSS, or Mplus.