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Fix bugs, refactor code, and ship features faster with AI prompts designed for real-world programming workflows.
Simulate a technical interview for a junior front-end developer position. Ask me questions about HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and a framework like React. Start with a simple coding challenge, like reversing a string.
What is Dependency Injection (DI)? How does it help in creating loosely coupled and more testable code? Provide a simple "before" and "after" code example in Java or C# that demonstrates the concept of constructor injection.
Explain the "Singleton" design pattern. What problem does it solve? Provide a code example of how to implement it in Java or Python. Discuss its pros and cons, and when it is appropriate to use.
I need to design a RESTful API for a social media application. The resources are Users, Posts, Comments, and Likes. Design the endpoints, including HTTP methods, URL structure, and request/response payloads. Provide examples for creating a new post and fetching comments for a post.
Let's do a system design interview. Your task is to design a URL shortening service like TinyURL. Discuss the requirements, API design, data model, and how you would handle scaling the service to millions of users. Draw a high-level architecture diagram.
Implement WebSocket for real-time features. Use cases: 1. Chat applications. 2. Live notifications. 3. Collaborative editing. 4. Live data dashboards. 5. Gaming multiplayer. 6. Stock tickers. Implementation: Establish connection, send/receive messages, handle disconnect, reconnect logic, heartbeat/p...
Protect APIs with rate limiting. Strategies: 1. Fixed window (requests per minute). 2. Sliding window for smoother limits. 3. Token bucket for burst handling. 4. Leaky bucket for consistent rate. 5. Per-user vs global limits. 6. Redis for distributed rate limiting. 7. Return 429 with Retry-After hea...
Implement caching with Redis. Patterns: 1. Cache-aside (lazy loading). 2. Write-through (update cache on write). 3. Write-behind (async cache updates). 4. Cache invalidation strategies. 5. TTL for automatic expiration. 6. Key naming conventions. 7. Data structures (strings, hashes, lists, sets). 8. ...
Design intuitive REST APIs. Guidelines: 1. Noun-based resource URLs. 2. HTTP methods correctly (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH). 3. Proper status codes (200, 201, 400, 404, 500). 4. Versioning strategy (/v1/). 5. Pagination for large collections. 6. Filtering, sorting, searching. 7. HATEOAS for disco...
Scan for security vulnerabilities. Tools: 1. SAST (Snyk, SonarQube) for code analysis. 2. DAST for runtime scanning. 3. Dependency scanning (npm audit, Dependabot). 4. Secret detection (GitGuardian). 5. Container scanning. 6. Infrastructure as Code scanning. Integrate in CI/CD. Fix critical issues i...
Build serverless with AWS Lambda. Architecture: 1. Function handler receives event. 2. Stateless execution. 3. Cold start optimization. 4. Environment variables for config. 5. IAM roles for permissions. 6. API Gateway for HTTP triggers. 7. EventBridge for scheduling. 8. CloudWatch for logs and monit...
Practice test-driven development. Workflow: 1. Write failing test first (Red). 2. Write minimal code to pass (Green). 3. Refactor while keeping tests green. 4. Repeat cycle. Benefits: Better design, confidence, documentation. Write tests for: edge cases, error handling, happy path. Use describe/it s...
Implement JWT auth securely. Flow: 1. User login with credentials. 2. Server validates and creates JWT. 3. Client stores JWT (httpOnly cookie or memory). 4. Include JWT in Authorization header. 5. Server verifies signature and claims. 6. Refresh tokens for long sessions. 7. Token expiration and rene...
Test API endpoints comprehensively. Approach: 1. Test full request/response cycle. 2. Use real database (test instance). 3. Setup/teardown for clean state. 4. Test authentication and authorization. 5. Validate response schemas. 6. Test error scenarios. 7. Performance testing. 8. Security testing. Us...
Optimize database performance with indexes. Strategies: 1. Index foreign keys. 2. Composite indexes for multi-column queries. 3. Covering indexes to avoid table lookups. 4. Partial indexes for filtered queries. 5. Monitor query plans (EXPLAIN). 6. Avoid over-indexing (write performance). 7. Index se...
Containerize applications with Docker. Best practices: 1. Small base images (Alpine). 2. Multi-stage builds. 3. Layer caching optimization. 4. .dockerignore file. 5. Non-root user for security. 6. Health checks. 7. Environment-specific configs. 8. Volume mounts for data. Keep images lean. One proces...
Handle errors and log effectively. Practices: 1. Catch errors at boundaries. 2. Specific error types vs generic. 3. User-friendly error messages. 4. Detailed logs for debugging. 5. Structured logging (JSON). 6. Log levels (ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG). 7. Correlation IDs for tracing. 8. Never log sensi...
Choose Git workflow for team. Strategies: 1. Git Flow (main, develop, feature, release, hotfix). 2. GitHub Flow (main, feature branches, PR). 3. Trunk-based (short-lived branches, frequent merges). 4. Branch naming conventions. 5. Commit message standards. 6. Pull request templates. 7. Protected bra...
Design scalable GraphQL schemas. Patterns: 1. Types for domain models. 2. Queries for reads, mutations for writes. 3. Input types for complex arguments. 4. Interfaces and unions for polymorphism. 5. Connection pattern for pagination. 6. DataLoader for N+1 prevention. 7. Directive for custom logic. 8...
Validate and sanitize user input. Techniques: 1. Whitelist allowed input. 2. Validate data types and formats. 3. Length restrictions. 4. Regex for pattern matching. 5. Sanitize HTML to prevent XSS. 6. Parameterized queries for SQL injection. 7. Validate on client AND server. 8. Contextual output enc...
Deploy with Kubernetes. Concepts: 1. Pods as deployment units. 2. Deployments for replica management. 3. Services for networking. 4. ConfigMaps and Secrets for config. 5. Namespaces for isolation. 6. Ingress for HTTP routing. 7. Resource limits and requests. 8. Health and readiness probes. Use kubec...
Master async programming. Patterns: 1. async/await for readability. 2. Promise.all for parallel execution. 3. Promise.allSettled for all results. 4. Promise.race for timeout handling. 5. Try/catch for error handling. 6. Avoid callback hell. 7. Handle unhandled rejections. 8. Sequential vs parallel t...
Detect and prevent memory leaks. Techniques: 1. Use browser DevTools memory profiler. 2. Heap snapshots comparison. 3. Clear event listeners on cleanup. 4. Unsubscribe from observables. 5. Clear timers and intervals. 6. Weak references for caches. 7. Avoid global variables accumulation. 8. Monitor p...
Document APIs with OpenAPI/Swagger. Structure: 1. OpenAPI specification (YAML/JSON). 2. Paths for endpoints. 3. Request/response schemas. 4. Parameter descriptions. 5. Authentication schemes. 6. Example requests/responses. 7. Error codes documentation. 8. Interactive try-it-out. Use Swagger UI for v...
Design microservices effectively. Patterns: 1. Service per business capability. 2. API Gateway for routing. 3. Service discovery (Consul, Eureka). 4. Circuit breaker for resilience. 5. Event-driven communication. 6. Database per service. 7. Saga pattern for distributed transactions. 8. CQRS for read...
Manage codebase in monorepo. Tools: 1. Turborepo (fast task execution, caching). 2. Nx (powerful CLI, generators). 3. Lerna (package management, versioning). 4. pnpm workspaces (efficient dependencies). 5. Rush (large-scale enterprise). Benefits: Shared code, atomic changes, consistent versioning. C...
Integrate social login with OAuth 2.0. Flow: 1. Redirect to provider (Google, Facebook, GitHub). 2. User authorizes application. 3. Provider redirects with authorization code. 4. Exchange code for access token. 5. Fetch user profile. 6. Create or update user in database. 7. Issue JWT to client. 8. H...
Profile and optimize performance. Tools: 1. Chrome DevTools (Performance, Lighthouse). 2. React DevTools Profiler. 3. Node.js --prof and clinic.js. 4. Bundle analysis (webpack-bundle-analyzer). 5. Database query analysis (EXPLAIN). 6. APM tools (New Relic, DataDog). Focus on: render performance, bun...
Set up effective CI/CD pipeline. Stages: 1. Source (code commit triggers pipeline). 2. Build (compile, dependency installation). 3. Test (unit, integration, e2e tests). 4. Code Quality (linting, code coverage, SonarQube). 5. Security Scan (dependency vulnerabilities, SAST). 6. Deploy to Staging (aut...
Write effective code documentation. Levels: 1. Code comments (explain why, not what - complex logic only). 2. Function/method docs (parameters, return values, exceptions - JSDoc, docstrings). 3. README (setup, usage, examples). 4. API documentation (OpenAPI/Swagger for REST). 5. Architecture docs (s...
Design microservices architecture effectively. Principles: 1. Single Responsibility (one service, one business capability). 2. Decentralized Data (each service owns its database). 3. API Gateway (single entry point). 4. Service Discovery (Consul, Eureka). 5. Asynchronous Communication (message queue...
Apply design patterns to solve common problems. Creational: 1. Singleton (single instance). 2. Factory (object creation). 3. Builder (complex object construction). Structural: 4. Adapter (interface compatibility). 5. Decorator (add behavior dynamically). 6. Facade (simplified interface). Behavioral:...
Optimize application performance systematically. Techniques: 1. Profile first (identify bottlenecks with profiler). 2. Database optimization (indexes, query optimization, connection pooling). 3. Caching (Redis, Memcached, CDN). 4. Lazy loading (load data on demand). 5. Code-level optimization (effic...
Secure your applications against common vulnerabilities. OWASP Top 10: 1. Injection (SQL, NoSQL, OS commands - use parameterized queries). 2. Broken Authentication (implement MFA, secure password storage with bcrypt). 3. Sensitive Data Exposure (encrypt data at rest and in transit, HTTPS). 4. XML Ex...
Refactor code safely and effectively. Common refactorings: 1. Extract Method (long function → smaller functions). 2. Rename Variable (unclear → descriptive). 3. Extract Class (large class → multiple focused classes). 4. Inline Method (unnecessary abstraction). 5. Replace Magic Numbers with Constants...
Design efficient database schemas. Normalization forms: 1. 1NF (atomic values, no repeating groups). 2. 2NF (no partial dependencies). 3. 3NF (no transitive dependencies). Balance normalization with performance (denormalize for read-heavy). Design principles: Use surrogate keys (auto-increment IDs)....
Master Git for effective collaboration. Workflow: 1. Feature branches (git checkout -b feature/new-feature). 2. Commit often with clear messages (feat:, fix:, docs:). 3. Pull before push (git pull --rebase). 4. Code review via pull requests. 5. Squash commits before merge. 6. Delete merged branches....
Design clean RESTful APIs. Principles: 1. Use nouns for resources (/users, not /getUsers). 2. HTTP methods: GET (read), POST (create), PUT (update), DELETE (delete). 3. Proper status codes (200 OK, 201 Created, 400 Bad Request, 404 Not Found, 500 Server Error). 4. Versioning (/v1/users). 5. Filterin...
Write effective unit tests with TDD approach. TDD cycle: 1. Red (write failing test). 2. Green (write minimal code to pass). 3. Refactor (improve code while keeping tests green). Best practices: Test one thing per test. Use AAA pattern (Arrange, Act, Assert). Descriptive test names (should_returnTru...
Write maintainable code using SOLID principles. Principles: 1. Single Responsibility (class has one reason to change). 2. Open/Closed (open for extension, closed for modification). 3. Liskov Substitution (subclasses should be substitutable for base classes). 4. Interface Segregation (many specific i...
Debug efficiently with systematic approach. Process: 1. Reproduce the bug consistently. 2. Isolate the problem (binary search through code). 3. Form hypothesis about cause. 4. Test hypothesis (add logging, use debugger). 5. Fix the root cause, not symptoms. 6. Verify fix doesn't break other function...
Master common algorithm patterns for coding interviews. Patterns: 1. Two Pointers (sorted arrays, palindromes). 2. Sliding Window (subarray problems, max/min in window). 3. Fast & Slow Pointers (cycle detection in linked lists). 4. Merge Intervals (overlapping ranges). 5. Cyclic Sort (missing number...
Conduct thorough code reviews with this checklist. Areas to review: 1. Functionality (does it work as intended? edge cases handled?). 2. Code quality (readable, maintainable, follows style guide). 3. Tests (adequate coverage, meaningful assertions). 4. Performance (no obvious bottlenecks, efficient ...
