Docker containerization microservices architecture

Master Docker containerization for microservices with optimization and security best practices. Dockerfile optimization: 1. Multi-stage builds: separate build and runtime environments, reduce image size by 70-80%. 2. Base image selection: Alpine Linux for minimal footprint, distroless for security. 3. Layer caching: order instructions from least to most frequently changing. 4. Security practices: non-root user, minimal packages, vulnerability scanning. Container orchestration: 1. Docker Compose: local development, service dependencies, network configuration. 2. Production considerations: resource limits (CPU: 1 core, Memory: 512MB typical), health checks every 30 seconds. Image management: 1. Registry strategy: private registries for proprietary code, image tagging conventions (semantic versioning). 2. Security scanning: Trivy, Clair for vulnerability detection, policy enforcement. 3. Image optimization: .dockerignore files, multi-arch builds (AMD64, ARM64). Microservices patterns: 1. Service mesh: Istio/Linkerd for inter-service communication, observability. 2. API gateway: rate limiting, authentication, request routing. Monitoring: container metrics (CPU, memory, disk I/O), log aggregation, distributed tracing with Jaeger/Zipkin.